Afghanistan enjoys an important geostrategic position in the continent of Asia, so it is considered a connecting point between the East, West, North and South. Afghans are Aryan peoples.
The population of Afghanistan is descended from several ethnic groups:
1- Pashtuns 62%
2- Tajiks 37%
3- Uzbeks 9%
4- Hazara 9%
5- Turkmen 2%
6- Other groups 2.5%
Muslims in Afghanistan represent 85% of the population, and it is considered one of the poorest and least developed countries.
The country has lived since the Soviet occupation in 1979 to the present day, in which we witness the withdrawal of the American forces that occupied Afghanistan since October 2001, and we see the return of the Taliban movement forces to impose their control over the country with ease in the face of the collapse of the government forces in front of them.
The Soviet occupation of Afghanistan came for several reasons, including:
1- Gaining a strategic depth for the Soviet Union, although the dependence of the political system before the Soviet invasion was on the Moscow government. The struggle for power between all parties made the situation unstable, in addition to the Soviet goal of connecting to the warm waters in the Indian Ocean and getting closer to oil sources. There were support from the military leadership for the occupation of Afghanistan in addition to support for the Soviet position on the ground in the midst of the Cold War.
2- Control over economic resources
Afghanistan possesses discovered and other undiscovered natural resources. There is no exploitation of natural resources as a result of successive wars and conflicts. The reader can view geological reports that indicate the presence of large quantities of crude oil, natural gas and other minerals in this land.
3- To stop the religious tide
It seemed that one of the main concerns of the Soviets was to establish an ideological security surroundings that would protect the Marxist theory from penetration and collapse. The Islamic current was strong in Afghanistan, in addition to the success of the Iranian revolution in 1979, whose goals were to export the revolution to all Islamic countries, making it one of the reasons for taking the decision to occupy.
to be continued ….
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